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Diagram of a basidiomycete stipe with an annulus and volva. In mycology, a stipe (/ s t aɪ p /) is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe ...
Russula brevipes was initially described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1890, from specimens collected in Quogue, New York. [3] It is classified in the subsection Lactaroideae, a grouping of similar Russula species characterized by having whitish to pale yellow fruit bodies, compact and hard flesh, abundant lamellulae (short gills), and the absence of clamp connections.
The species was first described scientifically as Boletus viscosus by American mycologist Charles Frost in 1874. In 1885, Charles Horton Peck, who had found specimens in pine woods of Albany County, New York, explained that the species name was a taxonomic homonym (Boletus viscosus was already in use for another species named by Ventenat in 1863 [2]), and so renamed it to Boletus brevipes.
C. micaceus may also have scattered caulocystidia (cystidia on the stipe) that are 60–100 by 5–10 μm, but their presence is variable and cannot reliably be used for identification. [27] Both De Bary and Buller, in their investigations into the structure of the cystidia, concluded that there is a central mass of cytoplasm formed where ...
Identification with a digital card is usually done in several ways: Displaying a QR code on the customer's smartphone to the identifying host (a cashier i.e.). The unique QR code ensures privacy for every customer. Engaging an NFC protocol connection by placing the smartphone near the NFC Reader (using host card emulation method).
The stipe is 3 to 10 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 8 to 3 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) tall, [5] 1–2 cm wide, [4] predominantly white and bears a single thin ring. [6] The taste is mild. The white flesh bruises a dingy reddish brown, as opposed to yellow in the poisonous Agaricus xanthodermus and similar species.
Automated species identification is a method of making the expertise of taxonomists available to ecologists, parataxonomists and others via digital technology and artificial intelligence. Today, most automated identification systems rely on images depicting the species for the identification. [ 1 ]
Penicillium spinulosum (spinulosus means with small spines in Latin) is a non-branched, fast-growing fungus with a swelling at the terminal of the stipe (vesiculate) in the genus Penicillium. [3] [4] P. spinulosum is able to grow and reproduce in environment with low temperature and low water availability, [5] and is known to be acidotolerant. [6]