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Methyltrichlorosilane, also known as trichloromethylsilane, is a monomer and organosilicon compound with the formula CH 3 SiCl 3. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp odor similar to that of hydrochloric acid. As methyltrichlorosilane is a reactive compound, it is mainly used a precursor for forming various cross-linked siloxane polymers.
Methyltrichlorosilane can be used to induce branching and cross-linking in PDMS molecules, while chlorotrimethylsilane serves to end backbone chains, limiting molecular weight. Other acid-forming species, especially acetate, can replace chlorine in silicone synthesis with little difference in the chemistry of the finished polymer. These ...
Via hydrosilylation, trichlorosilane is a precursor to other useful organosilicon compounds: . RCH=CH 2 + HSiCl 3 → RCH 2 CH 2 SiCl 3. Some useful products of this or similar reactions include octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), perfluoroctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTCS), and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS).
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The more useful products of this reaction are those for x = 1 (trimethylsilyl chloride), 2 (dimethyldichlorosilane), and 3 (methyltrichlorosilane). [1] TMS undergoes deprotonation upon treatment with butyllithium to give (H 3 C) 3 SiCH 2 Li. The latter, trimethylsilylmethyl lithium, is a relatively common alkylating agent.
Dimethyldichlorosilane (Me 2 SiCl 2) is of particular value (precursor to silicones), but trimethylsilyl chloride (Me 3 SiCl) and methyltrichlorosilane (MeSiCl 3) are also valuable. [5]: 371 The mechanism of the direct process is still not well understood, despite much research. Copper plays an important role.
Methyltrimethoxysilane is usually prepared from methyltrichlorosilane and methanol: CH 3 SiCl 3 + 3 CH 3 OH → CH 3 Si(OCH 3) 3 + 3 HCl. Alcoholysis of alkylchlorosilanes typically proceeds via an S N 2 mechanism. Inversion of the configuration is favored during nucleophilic attack when displacing good leaving groups, such as chloride. [3]
A variety of other products are obtained, including trimethylsilyl chloride and methyltrichlorosilane. About 1 million tons of organosilicon compounds are prepared annually by this route. The method can also be used for phenyl chlorosilanes. [17]