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The plexus is the characteristic form of nervous system in the coelenterates and persists with modifications in the flatworms.The nerves of the radially symmetric echinoderms also take this form, where a plexus underlies the ectoderm of these animals and deeper in the body other nerve cells form plexuses of limited extent.
Ganglia provide relay points and intermediary connections between different neurological structures in the body, such as the peripheral and central nervous systems. Among vertebrates there are three major groups of ganglia: Dorsal root ganglia (also known as the spinal ganglia) contain the cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurons.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
“The Nervous Mechanism of Plants”, published in 1926, is a botany book by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose which summarises his most recent findings in the area of plant physiology. Bose had previously investigated this topic in books such as Plant response as a means of physiological investigation from 1906, or The physiology of photosynthesis ...
A part of the enteric nervous system, the myenteric plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. [citation needed] The ganglia have properties similar to the central nervous system (CNS). These properties ...
A nerve plexus is composed of afferent and efferent fibers that arise from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels. There are five spinal nerve plexuses, except in the thoracic region, as well as other forms of autonomic plexuses, many of which are a part of the enteric nervous system. The nerves that arise from the ...
The detailed study of reproductive structures in plants led to the discovery of the alternation of generations, found in all plants and most algae, by the German botanist Wilhelm Hofmeister. This discovery is one of the most important made in all of plant morphology, since it provides a common basis for understanding the life cycle of all plants.
Superior mesenteric ganglia and Aorticorenal ganglia: Least splanchnic nerve: T12: Renal plexus: Lumbar splanchnic nerves: L1–2: Inferior mesenteric ganglia, ganglia of intermesenteric and hypogastric plexuses: Sacral splanchnic nerves: sacral part of sympathetic trunk: inferior hypogastric plexus and ganglia to the pelvic viscera: Pelvic ...