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Direct discharges are pollutants that are discharged directly to a surface water body. [18]: 1–7 To legally discharge pollutants directly into a waterbody, a facility—municipal, industrial, commercial or government-owned—must obtain a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from EPA or a state agency. [19]
A conventional pollutant is a term used in the USA to describe a water pollutant that is amenable to treatment by a municipal sewage treatment plant. A basic list of conventional pollutants is defined in the U.S. Clean Water Act. [1] The list has been amended in regulations issued by the Environmental Protection Agency: biochemical oxygen ...
Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, [1] are fuels derived from sources other than petroleum. [2] Alternative fuels include gaseous fossil fuels like propane , natural gas , methane , and ammonia ; biofuels like biodiesel , bioalcohol , and refuse-derived fuel ; and other renewable fuels like hydrogen and ...
Although these pollutants have originated from a point source, the long-range transport ability and multiple sources of the pollutant make it a nonpoint source of pollution; if the discharges were to occur to a body of water or into the atmosphere at a single location, the pollution would be single-point.
Exposure to these pollutants can lead to various health problems, from short-term symptoms like headaches and temporary nervous system effects (e.g., "metal fume fever") to serious long-term risks such as cancer and early death. [1] Pollution from U.S. manufacturing has declined massively since 1990 (despite an increase in production).
A watershed includes "the total geographic area that drains storm water (and pollutants) to a particular stream, lake, aquifer, or other water body." [ 52 ] The watershed approach to addressing NPS water pollution attempts to address all the relevant water bodies holistically in the context of their watershed while also considering all the ...
A pollutant or novel entity [1] is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effect, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or byproducts).
Types of air pollutant emission sources – named for their characteristics Sources, by shape – there are four basic shapes which an emission source may have. They are: Point source – single, identifiable source of air pollutant emissions (for example, the emissions from a combustion furnace flue gas stack). Point sources are also ...