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The compound exists in equilibrium with its (E)- and (Z)-enol tautomers.[citation needed] It is a product from the oxidative deamination of phenylalanine.When the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is reduced, the amino acid phenylalanine accumulates and gets converted into phenylpyruvic acid (phenylpyruvate), which leads to 'Phenylketonuria (PKU)' instead of 'tyrosine' which is ...
L-phenylalanine + pyruvate phenylpyruvate + L-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine and pyruvate , whereas its two products are phenylpyruvate and L-alanine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases , specifically the transaminases , which transfer nitrogenous groups.
In enzymology, a phenylalanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-phenylalanine + H 2 O + NAD + phenylpyruvate + NH 3 + NADH + H +. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine, H 2 O, and NAD +, whereas its 4 products are phenylpyruvate, NH 3, NADH, and H +.
If this reaction does not take place, phenylalanine accumulates and tyrosine is deficient. Excessive phenylalanine can be metabolized into phenylketones through the minor route, a transaminase pathway with glutamate. Metabolites include phenylacetate, phenylpyruvate and phenethylamine. [34]
Phenylalanine is found to function as a competitive inhibitor of pyruvate kinase in the brain. Although the degree of phenylalanine inhibitory activity is similar in both fetal and adult cells, the enzymes in the fetal brain cells are significantly more vulnerable to inhibition than those in adult brain cells.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is prephenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating; phenylpyruvate-forming). This enzyme is also called prephenate hydro-lyase (decarboxylating) . This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis .
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. The aromatic side chain of phenylalanine is hydroxylated by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase to form tyrosine. The conversion from tyrosine to 4-HPPA is in turn catalyzed by tyrosine aminotransferase. [2]
In enzymology, phenylpyruvate tautomerase or Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (EC 5.3.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction keto- phenylpyruvate ⇌ {\\displaystyle \\rightleftharpoons } enol-phenylpyruvate
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