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The psychologist Adolf Zeising noted that the golden ratio appeared in phyllotaxis and argued from these patterns in nature that the golden ratio was a universal law. [92] Zeising wrote in 1854 of a universal orthogenetic law of "striving for beauty and completeness in the realms of both nature and art". [93]
Many works of art are claimed to have been designed using the golden ratio. However, many of these claims are disputed, or refuted by measurement. [1] The golden ratio, an irrational number, is approximately 1.618; it is often denoted by the Greek letter φ .
In geometry, a golden rectangle is a rectangle with side lengths in golden ratio +:, or :, with approximately equal to 1.618 or 89/55. Golden rectangles exhibit a special form of self-similarity : if a square is added to the long side, or removed from the short side, the result is a golden rectangle as well.
Several properties and common features of the Penrose tilings involve the golden ratio = + (approximately 1.618). [31] [32] This is the ratio of chord lengths to side lengths in a regular pentagon, and satisfies φ = 1 + 1/ φ.
The ratio of the progression of side lengths is , where = (+) / is the golden ratio, and the progression can be written: ::, or approximately 1 : 1.272 : 1.618. Squares on the edges of this triangle have areas in another geometric progression, 1 : φ : φ 2 {\displaystyle 1:\varphi :\varphi ^{2}} .
For example, the golden ratio, φ ≈ 1.618, is a real quadratic integer that is greater than 1, while the absolute value of its conjugate, −φ −1 ≈ −0.618, is less than 1. Therefore, φ is a Pisot number. Its minimal polynomial is x 2 − x − 1.
For the women, Queen’s Gambit star Anya Taylor Joy earned the top spot, coming close to the Golden Ratio with a score of 94.65%, followed by Zendaya (94.37%), and Bella Hadid (94.35%).
One term of this series divided into the other equals 1.6180, which is the ratio needed to explain the plant design system." [9] This substitute sequence is a generalization of the Fibonacci sequence that chooses 118 and 191 as the beginning numbers to generate the rest. In fact, the standard Fibonacci sequence provides the best possible ...