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Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. [1] Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. [2]
The reserve list specifies different types of coal and includes countries with at least 0.1% share of the estimated world's proven reserves of coal. All data are taken from the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) via BP; all numbers are in million tonnes. [1]
Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry.
Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, [1] is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.It has a carbon content around 25–35% [1] [2] and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content.
It is the most abundant rank of coal, with deposits found around the world, often in rocks of Carboniferous age. Bituminous coal is formed from sub-bituminous coal that is buried deeply enough to be heated to 85 °C (185 °F) or higher. Bituminous coal is used primarily for electrical power generation [1] and in the steel industry.
The main fossil fuels (from top to bottom): natural gas, oil, and coal A fossil fuel [ a ] is a carbon compound - or hydrocarbon -containing material [ 2 ] formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the buried remains of prehistoric organisms ( animals , plants or planktons ), a process that occurs within geological formations .
In the 1990s, coal tar was discovered under wetland soil in Greenville, just outside Unity Park. Today, the state is preparing to clean it up through a multi-year excavation proposal .
[5] [6] Various amalgams of silver and mercury or other metals and mercury do occur rarely as minerals in nature. An example is the mineral eugenite (Ag 11 Hg 2) and related forms. [7] Silver nuggets, wires, and grains are relatively common, but there are also a large number of silver compound minerals owing to silver being more reactive than gold.