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  2. Epimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimer

    In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. [1] The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two. [2] All other stereogenic centers in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer.

  3. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cis–trans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]

  4. Racemic mixture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racemic_mixture

    One of the first such racemates studied, by Pasteur in 1853, forms from a 1:2 mixture of the bis ammonium salt of (+)-tartaric acid and the bis ammonium salt of (−)-malic acid in water. Re-investigated in 2008, [ 9 ] the crystals formed are dumbbell -shape with the central part consisting of ammonium (+)-bitartrate, whereas the outer parts ...

  5. Chirality (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)

    An example of a molecule that does not have a mirror plane or an inversion and yet would be considered achiral is 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichlorocyclohexane (or 1,1-difluoro-3,3-dichlorocyclohexane). This may exist in many conformers ( conformational isomers ), but none of them has a mirror plane.

  6. Chiral drugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_drugs

    Louis Pasteur - pioneering stereochemist. Chirality can be traced back to 1812, when physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot found out about a phenomenon called "optical activity." [10] Louis Pasteur, a famous student of Biot's, made a series of observations that led him to suggest that the optical activity of some substances is caused by their molecular asymmetry, which makes nonsuperimposable mirror ...

  7. Government shutdown odds are rising. Economic experts aren’t ...

    www.aol.com/finance/government-shutdown-odds...

    Other stoppages have been much shorter, with economic analyses after the fact often showing that the lost money is then returned to the US economy in nearly equal measure after the government reopens.

  8. Dollar set for big weekly gain as Powell sends yields up ...

    www.aol.com/news/dollar-sits-atop-one-peak...

    The lofty dollar has sent gold prices down 4.4% this week to $2,565, bringing the monthly loss so far to a sizeable 6.5%. Brent crude futures fell 90 cents to $71.66, on the prospect of U.S ...

  9. Stereochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereochemistry

    Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, studies the spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation. [1] The study of stereochemistry focuses on the relationships between stereoisomers, which are defined as having the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution) but differing in the geometric positioning of the atoms in space.