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The separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency triggered Sindhi Muslim nationalists to support the Pakistan Movement. Even while the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province were ruled by parties hostile to the Muslim League, Sindh remained loyal to Jinnah. [117]
Sindh (/ ˈ s ɪ n d / SIND; Sindhi: سِنْڌ ; Urdu: سِنْدھ, pronounced; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind) is a province of Pakistan.Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab.
Punjab province is bordered by Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory and Azad Kashmir in the north. Punjab borders Jammu and Kashmir in the north, and the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east.
The western wing consisted of a merger of the North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, Sind Province, and Baluchistan CCP. The eastern wing consisted of East Bengal. What later became the Princely states of Pakistan chose at first to remain independent. In 1948, Karachi was separated from Sind Province to form the Federal Capital Territory.
The British conquest of Sindh was a successful British military campaign and conquest of Sindh into the British India from the rule of the Talpurs.The East India Company, supported by the British Army and Royal Navy, in India oversaw the campaign between February and March of 1843—two major battles were fought namely Battle of Hyderabad and Battle of Miani.
In 712 the Umayyads conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab up to Multan, and Islam emerged as a major power in the southern Punjab. [3] The newly conquered region became known as Sind and was the easternmost state of the Umayyad Caliphate. Umayyad rule was later replaced with Abbasid rule in 750. [121]
However, tribes are of little importance in Sindh as compared to in Punjab and Balochistan. Identity in Sindh is mostly based on a common ethnicity and language. [101] Islam in Sindh has a long history, starting with the capture of Sindh by Muhammad Bin Qasim in 712 CE.
The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan." [3] Punjab's history is a tapestry of conflict, marked by the rise of indigenous dynasties and empires.