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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a blood disorder that results in blood clots forming in small blood vessels throughout the body. [2] This results in a low platelet count , low red blood cells due to their breakdown , and often kidney , heart , and brain dysfunction. [ 1 ]
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune primary disorder of hemostasis characterized by a low platelet count in the absence of other causes.
Apadamtase alfa, sold under the brand name Adzynma, is an enzyme replacement therapy used for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. [1] Apadamtase alfa is a human recombinant a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13. [1] It is given by injection into a vein. [1]
Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a medical emergency, since the associated hemolytic anemia and platelet activation can lead to kidney failure and changes in the level of consciousness. Treatment of TTP was revolutionized in the 1980s with the application of plasmapheresis.
Common adverse effects include injection site reactions, reported in 3–6% of patients in the HERCULES and TITAN trials. [12] In February 2019, caplacizumab-yhdp (Cablivi, Ablynx NV) was approved in the United States for the treatment of adults with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP).
Common side effects include headache, nausea, easy bruising, itching, and heartburn. [10] More severe side effects include bleeding and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. [10] While there is no evidence of harm from use during pregnancy, such use has not been well studied. [3] Clopidogrel is in the thienopyridine-class of antiplatelets. [10]
Side effects include nausea and itchiness. [3] Rarely there may be allergic reactions, blood clots, or infections. [1] [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe for the baby. [2] Greater care should be taken in people with protein S deficiency, IgA deficiency, or heart failure. [2]
Rarely, other replacement fluids, such as hydroxyethyl starch, may be used in individuals who object to blood transfusion but these are rarely used due to severe side-effects. Medication to keep the blood from clotting (an anticoagulant) is given to the patient during the procedure. [1] Plasmapheresis is used as a therapy in particular diseases ...
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