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Oxide jacking has caused concrete spalling on walls of the Herbst Pavilion at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco. The expansive force of rusting, which may be called oxide jacking or rust burst, is a phenomenon that can cause damage to structures made of stone, masonry, concrete or ceramics, and reinforced with metal components.
Example of flat piece of concrete having dislodged with corroded rebar underneath, Welland River bridge across Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure.
Titanium is one of the few elements that burns in pure nitrogen gas, reacting at 800 °C (1,470 °F) to form titanium nitride, which causes embrittlement. [29] Because of its high reactivity with oxygen, nitrogen, and many other gases, titanium that is evaporated from filaments is the basis for titanium sublimation pumps , in which titanium ...
The most common causes of failure in practice are poorly controlled electroplating or damp welding rods. Hydrogen embrittlement as a term can be used to refer specifically to the embrittlement that occurs in steels and similar metals at relatively low hydrogen concentrations , or it can be used to encompass all embrittling effects that hydrogen ...
Cracks must first nucleate. Most embrittlement mechanisms can cause fracture transgranularly or intergranularly. For metal embrittlement, only certain combinations of metals, stresses, and temperatures are susceptible. This is contrasted to stress-corrosion cracking where virtually any metal can be susceptible given the correct environment.
Termites, mice, raccoons, and rats can cause all sorts of structural damage (beyond just being gross). Don’t worry; if there’s evidence of foul play, your inspection will note it.
In order to avoid frequent cleanings of new church's concrete "sails", new development was used - white self-cleaning coating of the walls. [3] However, back then it wasn't known that this colouring plaster containing titanium dioxide and white pigment absorbs exhaust gases and other elements of city fog.
The article cautions that this may weaken its strength abilities in the corrosion stages during life service. Italian company Italcementi designed a kind of cement that is supposedly alleviating air pollution by breaking down pollutants that come in contact with the concrete, through the use of titanium dioxide absorbing ultraviolet light. Some ...