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Queues are common in computer programs, where they are implemented as data structures coupled with access routines, as an abstract data structure or in object-oriented languages as classes. A queue has two ends, the top, which is the only position at which the push operation may occur, and the bottom, which is the only position at which the pop ...
A number of programming languages are stack-oriented, meaning they define most basic operations (adding two numbers, printing a character) as taking their arguments from the stack, and placing any return values back on the stack. For example, PostScript has a return stack and an operand stack, and also has a graphics state stack and a ...
Despite not being part of the interface, the constraints are still important to the definition of the ADT; for example a stack and a queue have similar add element/remove element interfaces, but it is the constraints that distinguish last-in-first-out from first-in-first-out behavior.
PostScript is an example of a postfix stack-based language. An expression example in this language is 2 3 mul ('mul' being the command for the multiplication operation). Calculating the expression involves understanding how stack orientation works.
In a language with free pointers or non-checked array writes (such as in C), the mixing of control flow data which affects the execution of code (the return addresses or the saved frame pointers) and simple program data (parameters or return values) in a call stack is a security risk, and is possibly exploitable through stack buffer overflows ...
Priority queue (such as a heap) Double-ended queue (deque) Double-ended priority queue (DEPQ) Single-ended types, such as stack, generally only admit a single peek, at the end that is modified. Double-ended types, such as deques, admit two peeks, one at each end. Names for peek vary. "Peek" or "top" are common for stacks, while for queues ...
A snippet of C code which prints "Hello, World!". The syntax of the C programming language is the set of rules governing writing of software in C. It is designed to allow for programs that are extremely terse, have a close relationship with the resulting object code, and yet provide relatively high-level data abstraction.
A double-ended queue can be used to store the browsing history: new websites are added to the end of the queue, while the oldest entries will be deleted when the history is too large. When a user asks to clear the browsing history for the past hour, the most recently added entries are removed.