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Gondwana (/ ɡ ɒ n d ˈ w ɑː n ə /) [1] was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.
The initiation of Gondwana breakup, and transform faulting along the Davie Fracture Zone, occurred in the Toarcian (about 182 million years ago) following the eruption of the Bouvet (Karoo) mantle plume. At this time East Gondwana, comprising the Antarctic, Madagascar, Indian, and Australian plates, began to separate from the African plate.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwana and the present-day ...
Karoo-Ferrar formed just prior to the breakup of Gondwana in the Lower Jurassic epoch, about 183 million years ago; [4] this timing corresponds to the early Toarcian anoxic event and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction. [5] It covered about 3 x 10 6 km 2. [6]
A page I found suggests that Gondwana was formed originally from the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia 500 million years ago, then later it merged with Laurasia to form Pangaea, then even later it broke off again, retaining its identity as Gondwana. It is a little odd that the same name, Gondwana, is used for both before and after it was ...
During the early breakup of Gondwana and associated continental rifting, the Patagonian landmass underwent large-scale rotations. Paleomagnetic data from late Jurassic-early Cretaceous rocks in the southern portion of the North Patagonian Massif indicate that clockwise rotation of up to 30 degrees occurred in that area during the Early ...
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One end of the TAO was a series of terranes (Avalonia–Carolina–Cadomia) which were rifted off the western margin of Gondwana and added to Laurentia in the Late Palaeozoic, while its other end probably reached past Australia into New Guinea. [4] In 1937 Alexander du Toit proposed the Samfrau Orogeny as an evidence for Gondwana. His concept ...