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Considerable research is underway regarding strategies for confronting and suppressing fake news of all types, in particular disinformation, which is the deliberate spreading of false narratives for political purposes, or for destabilising social cohesion in targeted communities. Multiple strategies need to be tailored to individual types of ...
Projects include the Election Integrity Partnership, formed to identify attempts "to suppress voting, reduce participation, confuse voters or delegitimize election results without evidence" [186] and the Virality Project, which has examined the spread of false claims about vaccines.
Spreading false information can also seriously impede the effective and efficient use of the information available on social media. [124] An emerging trend in the online information environment is "a shift away from public discourse to private, more ephemeral, messaging ", which is a challenge to counter misinformation.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
News and research can be misinterpreted and false beliefs can be spread farther and wider than before. Fake news has a tendency to spread faster and wider through social media than true news, peer review is almost nonexistent in regards to social media, and the way some true research can be presented through social media can make it easier to ...
According to Derakhshan, examples of malinformation can include "revenge porn, where the change of context from private to public is the sign of malicious intent", or providing false information about where and when a photograph was taken in order to mislead the viewer [3] (the picture is real, but the meta-information and its context is changed).
Similar methods continue to be used in misinformation effect studies. Standard methods involve showing subjects an event, usually in the form of a slideshow or video. The event is followed by a time delay and introduction of post-event information. Finally, participants are retested on their memory of the original event. [13]
Research suggests that fact-checking can indeed correct perceptions among citizens, [2] as well as discourage politicians from spreading false or misleading claims. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] However, corrections may decay over time or be overwhelmed by cues from elites who promote less accurate claims. [ 4 ]