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In C programming, the functions getaddrinfo() and getnameinfo() convert domain names, hostnames, and IP addresses between human-readable text representations and structured binary formats for the operating system's networking API. Both functions are contained in the POSIX standard application programming interface (API). [1]
An application can communicate with a remote process by exchanging data with TCP/IP by knowing the combination of protocol type, IP address, and port number. This combination is often known as a socket address. It is the network-facing access handle to the network socket.
For a Unix domain socket, the name is a /path/filename. For an Internet domain socket, the name is an IP address:Port number. In either case, the name is called an address. [3] Two processes may communicate with each other if each obtains a socket. The server process binds its socket to an address, opens a listen channel, and then continuously ...
The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
bind() is typically used on the server side, and associates a socket with a socket address structure, i.e. a specified local IP address and a port number. listen() is used on the server side, and causes a bound TCP socket to enter listening state. connect() is used on the client side, and assigns a free local port number to a socket. In case of ...
For TCP, port number 0 is reserved and cannot be used, while for UDP, the source port is optional and a value of zero means no port. A process associates its input or output channels via an internet socket , which is a type of file descriptor , associated with a transport protocol , a network address such as an IP address , and a port number.
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SOCKS version number, 0x04 for this version CMD command code: 0x01 = establish a TCP/IP stream connection; 0x02 = establish a TCP/IP port binding; DSTPORT 2-byte port number (in network byte order) DESTIP IPv4 Address, 4 bytes (in network byte order) ID the user ID string, variable length, null-terminated.