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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. [1] Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari Reddi discovered their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.
The BMPs bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2). They are involved in a multitude of cellular functions including osteogenesis, cell differentiation, anterior/posterior axis specification, growth, and homeostasis. The TGFβ family includes: TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3. Like the BMPs, TGFβs are involved not only in ...
12156 Ensembl ENSG00000125845 ENSMUSG00000027358 UniProt P12643 P21274 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001200 NM_007553 RefSeq (protein) NP_001191 NP_031579 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. Function BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic ...
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene. [5] GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family. [6] GDF11 acts as a cytokine and its sequence is highly conserved between in humans, mice and ...
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene. [4] [5] BMP4 is found on chromosome 14q22-q23. BMP4 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. BMP4 is highly ...
The BMP1 locus encodes a protein that is capable of inducing formation of cartilage in vivo. Although other bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily, BMP1 encodes a protein that is not closely related to other known growth factors. BMP1 protein and procollagen C proteinase (PCP), a secreted metalloprotease requiring ...
The superfamily includes large families of growth and differentiation factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. These proteins are synthesized as prepropeptides, cleaved, and then processed into dimeric proteins.
A metabologen is defined as a morphogen (molecule) that can initiate, promote and maintain metabolism and homeostasis.Based on this definition, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are metabologens, since they are involved in iron homeostasis, brown fat adipogenesis and energy metabolism.