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Diminished seventh chords may also be rooted on scale degrees other than the leading-tone, either as secondary function chords temporarily borrowed from other keys, or as appoggiatura chords: a chord rooted on the raised second scale degree (D ♯ –F ♯ –A–C in the key of C) acts as an appoggiatura to the tonic (C major) chord, and one ...
A diminished seventh chord may resolve to a chord whose root is common to both chords (e.g. ♯ ii o 7 resolves to I 6). When this happens, the first chord is called a common-tone diminished seventh chord.
The diminished triad can be used to substitute for the dominant seventh chord. In major scales, a diminished triad occurs only on the seventh scale degree. For instance, in the key of C, this is a B diminished triad (B, D, F). Since the triad is built on the seventh scale degree, it is also called the leading-tone triad.
This works because diminished seventh chords are structurally equivalent in all of their inversions (a stack of minor thirds), so any note in a diminished seventh chord can be seen as the root note. The most important irregular resolution is the deceptive cadence , [ 3 ] most commonly V 7 –vi in major or V 7 –VI in minor.
The leading-tone diminished triad and supertonic diminished triad are usually found in first inversion (vii o 6 and ii o 6, respectively) since the spelling of the chord forms a diminished fifth with the bass. [6] This differs from the fully diminished seventh chord, which commonly occurs in root position. [8]
This is an example of a suspended chord. In reference to chords and progressions for example, a phrase ending with the following cadence IV–V, a half cadence, does not have a high degree of resolution. However, if this cadence were changed to (IV–)V–I, an authentic cadence, it would resolve much more strongly by ending on the tonic I chord.
That is, the implied seventh chord is a dominant seventh, i.e. a major triad plus the minor seventh, to which the ninth is added: e.g., a C 9 consists of C, E, G, B ♭ and D. C dominant ninth (C 9) would usually be expected to resolve to an F major chord (the implied key, C being the dominant of F).
The leading-tone seventh chords are vii ø 7 and vii o 7, [24] the half-diminished and diminished seventh chords on the seventh scale degree of the major and harmonic minor. For example, in C major and C minor, the leading-tone seventh chords are B half-diminished (B–D–F–A) and B diminished (B–D–F–A ♭), respectively.