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The Achaeans (/ ə ˈ k iː ə n z /; Greek: Ἀχαιοί, romanized: Akhaioí) were one of the four major tribes into which Herodotus divided the Greeks, along with the Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians. They inhabited the region of Achaea in the northern Peloponnese, and played an active role in the colonization of Italy, founding the city of ...
The Romans under Lucius Mummius defeated the Achaeans at the Battle of Corinth, razed Corinth and dissolved the League, finally putting an end to the independence of Ancient Greece from external rule and ushering in the Roman era. G.T. Griffith has written that Achaean War was "a hopeless enterprise for the Achaeans, badly led and backed by no ...
The contrasting belief that "Achaeans", as understood through Homer, is "a name without a country", an ethnos created in the Epic tradition, [10] has modern supporters among those who conclude that "Achaeans" were redefined in the 5th century BC, as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek.
The Cleomenean War [3] (229/228–222 BC) was fought between Sparta and the Achaean League for the control of the Peloponnese.Under the leadership of king Cleomenes III, Sparta initially had the upper hand, which forced the Achaean League to call for help the Macedonian king Antigonos Doson, who decisively defeated Cleomenes in the battle of Sellasia in 222.
The Achaeans entered the city using the Trojan Horse and slew the slumbering population. Priam and his surviving sons and grandsons were killed. Antenor, who had earlier offered hospitality to the Achaean embassy that asked the return of Helen of Troy and had advocated so [1] was spared, along with his family by Menelaus and Odysseus.
Consequently, the Achaeans forced the Aegialians (now known as the Ionians) out of their land. [3] The Ionians took temporary refuge in Athens, and Aegialus became known as Achaea. [4] [5] It was supposedly for this reason that the region known as Achaea in Classical Greece did not correspond to Homeric references.
This allowed the Achaeans to make a successful night attack on the camp of the Roman advance guard, inflicting significant casualties and bolstering Achaean morale. Mummius then sallied out himself, routing the pursuers and driving them back to the Achaean camp. [10] Encouraged by their early successes, the Achaeans offered battle the next day.
Ptolemy had been subsidising the campaign of the Achaeans against Macedon and now determined that Sparta would be a more effective ally to offset Macedonian power. [5] This was compounded by the resounding Spartan victory over the Achaean army at the Battle of Dyme , leading the League to seek peace with Cleomenes.