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2. Congruence of squares - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_of_squares

   This corresponds to a set of y values whose product is a square number, i.e. one whose factorization has only even exponents. The products of x and y values together form a congruence of squares. This is a classic system of linear equations problem, and can be efficiently solved using Gaussian elimination as soon as the number of rows exceeds ...

3. Square packing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_packing

   Square packing in a square is the problem of determining the maximum number of unit squares (squares of side length one) that can be packed inside a larger square of side length . If a {\displaystyle a} is an integer , the answer is a 2 , {\displaystyle a^{2},} but the precise – or even asymptotic – amount of unfilled space for an arbitrary ...

4. Rolligon - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolligon

   Tires inflated to 7 psi (48 kPa) Rolligon is a trademark name for large, low-pressure tires, designed to traverse the soft ground surfaces of the tundra . The product was invented by William Albee in 1951 after he had seen Inuit using inflated seal hides to drag a heavy boat on shore.

5. 3-4-6-12 tiling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-4-6-12_tiling

   In geometry of the Euclidean plane, the 3-4-6-12 tiling is one of 20 2-uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons, containing regular triangles, squares, hexagons and dodecagons, arranged in two vertex configuration: 3.4.6.4 and 4.6.12.

6. Contact patch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_patch

   Colorized tire footprint pressure distribution. The contact patch is the portion of a vehicle's tire that is in actual contact with the road surface.It is commonly used in the discussion of pneumatic (i.e. pressurized) tires, where the term is used strictly to describe the portion of the tire's tread that touches the road surface.

7. Pell's equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell's_equation

   A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for solvability is that n is not divisible by 4 or by a prime of form 4k + 3. [note 3] Thus, for example, x 2 − 3 y 2 = −1 is never solvable, but x 2 − 5 y 2 = −1 may be. [27] The first few numbers n for which x 2 − n y 2 = −1 is solvable are 1 (with only one trivial solution) and

8. Slip (vehicle dynamics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_(vehicle_dynamics)

   In (automotive) vehicle dynamics, slip is the relative motion between a tire and the road surface it is moving on. This slip can be generated either by the tire's rotational speed being greater or less than the free-rolling speed (usually described as percent slip), or by the tire's plane of rotation being at an angle to its direction of motion (referred to as slip angle).

9. Slip angle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_angle

   A non-zero slip angle arises because of deformation in the tire carcass and tread. As the tire rotates, the friction between the contact patch and the road results in individual tread 'elements' (finite sections of tread) remaining stationary with respect to the road. If a side-slip velocity u is introduced, the contact patch will be deformed ...