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The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is an index designed to measure gender equality.GEM is the United Nations Development Programme's attempt to measure the extent of gender inequality across the globe's countries, based on estimates of women's relative economic income, participation in high-paying positions with economic power, and access to professional and parliamentary positions.
There are many social factors that have prevented women from education throughout India, including traditional conservative thinking, early marriage, child labor, and structural and institutional factors. [17] This can be seen in the gender disparity in literacy throughout the country, as men are 80.9% literate and women are 64.6% literate. [18]
Amartya Sen shows how social norms that devalue women's unpaid work in the household often disadvantage women in intra-household bargaining. These feminist economists argue that such claims have important economic outcomes which must be recognized within economic frameworks.
Another significant occupational hazard for women is homicide, which was the second most frequent cause of death on the job for women in 2011, making up 26% of workplace deaths in women. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] Immigrant women are at higher risk for occupational injury than native-born women in the United States, due to higher rates of employment in ...
Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, two feminist scholars, stated that Women and Economics was “the theoretical breakthrough for a whole generation of feminists, [for it] appealed not to right or morality but to evolutionary theory.” [20] Conversely, one scholar stated that “Gilman’s evolutionary feminism does not provide ...
The effects of leadership and decision-making; Women's responsibilities at home make it difficult to take part and engage in decision-making. [60] As this indicates that women's needs, priorities and skills are being ignored when managing resources and making decision. This affects empowerment in community and the power to create changes. [59] [60]
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In a social decision-making situation on top of the factors of decision-making you have the added stress of another person or people and their mental state. It is natural for people to be paying more attention to what impression they are making on the person they are communicating with and with this it becomes harder to tell, in some cases, the ...