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The more opportunity the Cl 2 has to interact with NaOH in the solution, the less Cl 2 emerges at the surface of the solution and the faster the production of hypochlorite progresses. This depends on factors such as solution temperature, the amount of time the Cl 2 molecule is in contact with the solution, and concentration of NaOH.
Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution (), which is known as the Chloralkali process.The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2).
Cl 2 (aq) + Cl − ⇌ Cl − 3 Cl 2 (aq) ⇌ Cl 2 (g) The second equilibrium equation above will be shifted to the right if the chlorine Cl 2 is allowed to escape as gas. The ratios of Cl 2, HOCl, and OCl − in solution are also pH dependent. At pH below 2, the majority of the chlorine in the solution is in the form of dissolved elemental Cl 2.
Because the reaction takes place in an unpartitioned cell and NaOH is present in the same solution as the Cl 2: 2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 + Cl 2. any Cl 2 disproportionates to hypochlorite and chloride Cl 2 + 2 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H 2 O. resulting in a hypochlorite solution.
Cl 2 O 3 is also produced when photolysing the solid at −78 °C: it is a dark brown solid that explodes below 0 °C. ... 2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O → Cl 2 + H 2 + 2 NaOH.
Cl 2 + 2 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H 2 O 2 Cl 2 + 2 Ca(OH) 2 → CaCl 2 + Ca(ClO) 2 + 2 H 2 O. Large amounts of sodium hypochlorite are also produced electrochemically via an un-separated chloralkali process. In this process brine is electrolyzed to form Cl 2 which dissociates in water to form hypochlorite. This reaction must be conducted in non ...
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [2] [3] Its structure is H−O−Cl.It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming a hypochlorite anion, ClO −.
2 Cl − → Cl 2 + 2 e −. The chlorine gas that results vents at the top of the outside cells where it is collected as a byproduct of the process. The reaction at the mercury cathode in the outer cells is Na + + e − → Na (amalgam) The sodium metal formed by this reaction dissolves in the mercury to form an amalgam. The mercury conducts ...