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Badlands National Park. The geology of South Dakota began to form more than 2.5 billion years ago in the Archean eon of the Precambrian.Igneous crystalline basement rock continued to emplace through the Proterozoic, interspersed with sediments and volcanic materials.
Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded. [1] They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density. [2] Ravines, gullies, buttes, hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in badlands.
Badlands National Park (Lakota: Makȟóšiča [3]) is a national park of the United States in southwestern South Dakota. The park protects 242,756 acres (379.3 sq mi; 982.4 km 2 ) [ 1 ] of sharply eroded buttes and pinnacles , along with the largest undisturbed mixed grass prairie in the United States.
The White River Formation is a geologic formation of the Paleogene Period, in the northern Great Plains and central Rocky Mountains, within the United States. It has been found in northeastern Colorado , Dawes County in western Nebraska , Badlands of western South Dakota , and Douglas area of southeastern Wyoming .
Hard sandstones commonly cap mesas, buttes and plateaus where erosion has formed badlands topography, as is the case for much of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the Scollard Formation. Coarse-grained sediments are rare in the Edmonton Group. [1]
Badlands National Park is located in southwestern South Dakota, east of the Black Hills. It's about 75 miles away from the state's second-most populous city, Rapid City. The nearest major airport ...
Oglala National Grassland is home to some of the most striking badlands formations in Toadstool Geologic Park, [4] near Crawford, Nebraska and Whitney, Nebraska.. The Hudson-Meng Bison Kill, also located on the grassland, is an archaeological excavation in progress.
[2] [3] It takes its name from Horseshoe Canyon, an area of badlands near Drumheller. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of the Edmonton Group. In its type section (Red Deer River Valley at Drumheller), it is ~250 metres (820 ft) thick, but further west the formation is older and thicker, exceeding 500 metres (1,600 ft) near Calgary. [4]