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Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
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[4] [7] [8] [9] As with all forms of government, autocracy has no clearly defined boundaries, and it may intersect with other forms of government. [10] Though autocracy usually encompasses an entire country, it can sometimes take place at subnational or local levels, even in countries with a more democratic government, if the national ...
Therefore, if a law is rejected by the parliamentary vote, the government can use 49.3 to impose the law all the same. Emmanuel Macron's government has implemented numerous unpopular laws using the 49.3. It is yet another example of France's backsliding from democratic practices since 49.3 is seen in essence as an autocratic way of ruling.
Anocracy, or semi-democracy, [1] is a form of government that is loosely defined as part democracy and part dictatorship, [2] [3] or as a "regime that mixes democratic with autocratic features". [3] Another definition classifies anocracy as "a regime that permits some means of participation through opposition group behavior but that has ...
Authoritarian capitalism, [1] or illiberal capitalism, [2] is an economic system in which a capitalist market economy exists alongside an authoritarian government.Related to and overlapping with state capitalism, a system in which the state undertakes commercial activity, authoritarian capitalism combines private property and the functioning of market forces with restrictions on dissent ...
Democratic backsliding [a] is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive. [7] [8] [9] The process typically restricts the space for public contest and political participation in the process of government selection.