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  2. Yard (sailing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_(sailing)

    The yard exists to allow square sails to be set to drive the ship. The top edge of the sail is 'bent on' (attached) to the yard semi-permanently. Clewlines and buntlines are led along the yard and from there to the mast and down to the deck. These allow the bottom of the sail to be hoisted up to the yard, so the sail is effectively folded in two.

  3. Halyard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halyard

    A square rig sail with a halyard is mounted on a lifting yard that is free to slide on a short section of the mast. The halyard is used to raise (hail or hal) the yard when setting the sail. A gaff rigged sail has two; a throat halyard to lift the end of the gaff nearer the mast, and a peak halyard to lift the outer end.

  4. Full-rigged ship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-rigged_ship

    In the rare case, the cross-jack yard did carry a square sail, that sail would be called the cross-jack rather than the mizzen course. The full set of sails, in order from bottom to top, are: Course sail; Topsail, or Lower topsail, if fitted. Upper topsail, if fitted. Topgallant sail, or Lower topgallant sail, if fitted. Upper topgallant sail ...

  5. Square rig - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_rig

    Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars which are perpendicular, or square, to the keel of the vessel and to the masts. These spars are called yards and their tips, outside the lifts, are called the yardarms. [1] A ship mainly rigged so is called a square ...

  6. Clewlines and buntlines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clewlines_and_buntlines

    The buntlines up the front of the sail can be seen too, but their run to the blocks on the shrouds is obscured because the sail is set on a lifting yard. Although the common perception of a traditionally rigged ship is that the sails are handled from "up in the rigging", the majority of the work is actually carried out from the deck.

  7. Glossary of nautical terms (A–L) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms...

    1. To make a sail fill with wind on the opposite side normally used for sailing forward. A fore and aft headsail is backed by either not moving the sail across when tacking, or by hauling it to windward with the weather sheet. A square sail is backed by hauling the yards round with the braces. The sail is then aback. [3] 2.

  8. Running rigging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_rigging

    Running rigging is the rigging of a sailing vessel that is used for raising, lowering, shaping and controlling the sails on a sailing vessel—as opposed to the standing rigging, which supports the mast and bowsprit. Running rigging varies between vessels that are rigged fore and aft and those that are square-rigged.

  9. Gunter rig - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter_rig

    Gunter rigged Lobster 12.5. Gunter rig is a configuration of sail and spars used in sailing. It is a fore and aft sail set abaft (behind) the mast. The lower half of the luff (front) of the sail is attached to the mast, and the upper half is fastened to a spar which is approximately vertical and reaches above the top of the mast.

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