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β-Methylamino-L-alanine, or BMAA, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a neurotoxin . Its potential role in various neurodegenerative disorders is the subject of scientific research.
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. [citation needed] Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. [1] Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver [2] from beta-alanine and histidine.
Alanine is an aliphatic amino acid, because the side-chain connected to the α-carbon atom is a methyl group (-CH 3). Alanine is the simplest α-amino acid after glycine. The methyl side-chain of alanine is non-reactive and is therefore hardly ever directly involved in protein function. [12]
In mature adults, glycine is a inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spinal cord and regions of the brain. [15] As it binds to a glycine receptor, a conformational change is induced, and the channel created by the receptor opens. [17] As the channel opens, chloride ions are able to flow into the cell which results in hyperpolarization.
“The detrimental effects of midlife obesity, such as increased amyloid deposition and brain hypoperfusion, may precede cognitive decline by decades, thus emphasizing the importance of early ...
l-DOPA, also known as l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and used medically as levodopa, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants [2] and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l -DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l -tyrosine .
A specific type of body fat — visceral fat — around the midsection has been linked to the abnormal proteins that develop in the brain and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, according to findings ...
Lower brain oxygen levels caused by sleep apnea were linked to changes to the white matter, which could lead to cognitive problem, a new study suggests. ... “The effects of sleep on cognitive ...
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