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  2. Deletion (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deletion_(genetics)

    Deletion on a chromosome. In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication.

  3. Single-nucleotide polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism

    The upper DNA molecule differs from the lower DNA molecule at a single base-pair location (a G/A polymorphism) In genetics and bioinformatics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP / s n ɪ p /; plural SNPs / s n ɪ p s /) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome.

  4. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    This substitution mutations impacts the fitness of viral nucleoproteins, however compensatory co-mutations impede fitness declines and aid the virus to avoid recognition from CTLs. [139] Mutations can have three different effects; mutations can have deleterious effects, some increase fitness through compensatory mutations, and lastly mutations ...

  5. Structural variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_variation

    The presence of a SV is identified from discontinuous alignment to the reference genome. A gap in the read marks a deletion and in the reference marks an insertion. Read pair methods examine the length and orientation of paired-end reads from short read sequencing data. For example, read pairs further apart than expected indicate a deletion.

  6. Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenesis_(molecular...

    Types of mutations that can be introduced by random, site-directed, combinatorial, or insertional mutagenesis. In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms.

  7. Indel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indel

    Indel (insertion-deletion) is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. Indels ≥ 50 bases in length are classified as structural variants. [1] [2] In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, it will produce a frameshift mutation.

  8. Mutational signatures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutational_signatures

    The 16 possible mutation types of the substitution class C>A are shown as an example. Once the mutation catalog (e.g. counts for each of the 96 mutation types) of a tumor is obtained, there are two approaches to decipher the contributions of different mutational signatures to tumor genomic landscape:

  9. Illegitimate recombination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate_Recombination

    In prokaryotes, illegitimate recombination results in a mutation of the genetic sequence of the prokaryote. This process takes different forms in eukaryotes one of which is deletions. In a deletion mutation the prokaryotic organism undergoes illegitimate recombination resulting in the removal of a continuous segment of genetic code.