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The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a New World vulture and the largest North American land bird. It became extinct in the wild in 1987 when all remaining wild individuals were captured, but has since been reintroduced to northern Arizona and southern Utah (including the Grand Canyon area and Zion National Park), the coastal mountains of California, and northern Baja California ...
Gymnogyps amplus was first described by L. H. Miller in 1911 from a broken tarsometatarsus. [1] [2] The species is the only condor species found in the La Brea Tar Pits' Pit 10, which fossils date to "a Holocene radiocarbon age of 9,000 years."
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The California condor is critically endangered. It formerly ranged from Baja California to British Columbia, but by 1937 was restricted to California. [52] In 1987, all surviving birds were removed from the wild into a captive breeding program to ensure the species' survival. [52] In 2005, there were 127 Californian condors in the wild.
Condor numbers dramatically declined in the 20th century. A conservation plan was put in place by the United States government that led to the capture of all the remaining wild condors in 1987. Beginning in 1991, condors have been reintroduced into the wild. The California condor is one of the world's rarest bird species. As of 2005, there were ...
The position of the nest and whether it has a greater chance of being under predation has exerted constraints on female birds' plumage. [47] A species of bird that nests on the ground, rather than the canopy of the trees, will need to have much duller colors in order not to attract attention to the nest.
Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding" plumage, or—in the Humphrey–Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey–Parkes system as "alternate" plumages. [131]