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Faecal incontinence or constipation occurs when there is a problem with the normal bowel functioning; this could be for a variety of reasons. The normal defecation pathway involves contractions of the colon in order to help mix the contents, absorb water and propel the contents along the intestine.
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), [6] and other causes of metabolic acidosis; hypothyroidism; diabetes; medications (e.g. opioids or antimuscarinics) severe illness (inflammation with peritonitis) spinal cord injury, those with injury above thoracic vertebra 5 (T5) will have hypomotility problems within the bowel; acute intermittent porphyria
Osmotic diarrhea, distension of the small bowel leading to crampy abdominal pain, and reduced blood volume can result. Late dumping syndrome occurs 2 to 3 hours after a meal. It results from excessive movement of sugar into the intestine, which raises the body's blood glucose level and causes the pancreas to increase its release of the hormone ...
Specific conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, certain neurological disorders, paralytic ileus, gastroparesis, diabetes, enlarged prostate gland, distended colon, an ingested foreign object, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and colitis, and autoimmune diseases such as amyloidosis, celiac disease, lupus, and ...
The water and stool may take some time to fully evacuate, especially with patients with obstructed defecation. People with reduced muscular strength of the anal sphincter may encounter problems with later leakage of the water mixed with stool, which may bring similar, socially devastating problems as seen with fecal incontinence.
One of the causes of abnormal bloating is excessive eating and air swallowing, known as aerophagia. [2] Other causes of bloating and distension include inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease [3] [4] and ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, functional dyspepsia, or transient constipation.
However, diabetes does cause higher morbidity, mortality and operative risks with these conditions. [41] Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy (numbness or insensitivity) and vascular damage, increases rates of skin ulcers (diabetic foot ulcers) and infection and, in serious cases, necrosis and gangrene. It is why it ...
Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated. Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon (sigmoid colon) with associated diverticulosis. Treatment may consist of antibiotics, aminosalicylates (mesalamine), or prednisone. In rare cases, surgery ...