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Equisetum arvense, the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetidae (horsetails) sub-class, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It has separate sterile non-reproductive and fertile spore-bearing stems growing from a perennial underground rhizomatous stem system.
Equisetum (/ ˌ ɛ k w ɪ ˈ s iː t əm /; horsetail) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. [2]Equisetum is a "living fossil", the only living genus of the entire subclass Equisetidae, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the understorey of late Paleozoic forests.
The extant horsetails represent a tiny fraction of horsetail diversity in the past. There were three orders of the Equisetidae. The Pseudoborniales first appeared in the late Devonian. [1] The Sphenophyllales were a dominant member of the Carboniferous understory, and prospered until the mid and early Permian.
Equisetum palustre, the marsh horsetail, [2] is a perennial herbaceous pteridophyte belonging to the subclass of horsetails (Equisetidae). It is widespread in cooler regions of Eurasia and North America .
Microphylls contain a single vascular trace. The clubmosses and horsetails have microphylls, as in all extant species there is only a single vascular trace in each leaf. [ 2 ] These leaves are narrow because the width of the blade is limited by the distance water can efficiently diffuse cell-to-cell from the central vascular strand to the ...
Giant horsetail, Kibble Palace, Glasgow. Giant horsetails are usually living species of horsetail that grow to very large sizes, more than 1.5 metres (5 ft). The following species are commonly known as "giant horsetails": Equisetum giganteum (southern giant horsetail, from Latin America) Equisetum braunii (northern giant horsetail, from North ...
Equisetum pratense, commonly known as meadow horsetail, shade horsetail or shady horsetail, is a widespread horsetail (Equisetophyta) and it is a pteridophyte.Shade horsetail can be commonly found in forests with tall trees or very thick foliage that can provide shade and tends to grow closer and thicker around streams, ponds and rivers.
The timeline displays a graphical representation of the adaptations; the text attempts to explain the nature and robustness of the evidence. Plant evolution is an aspect of the study of biological evolution , predominantly involving evolution of plants suited to live on land, greening of various land masses by the filling of their niches with ...