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Knee osteoarthritis was the most prevalent type of osteoarthritis, followed by hand osteoarthritis. In 2019, osteoarthritis was the 20th most common cause of years lived with disability (YLDs) in India, accounting for 1.48% of all YLDs, which increased from 1.25% and 23rd most common cause in 1990.
There are over 100 types of arthritis. [10] [5] [6] The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. [7] Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. [7] [11] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. [7]
The knee is one of the joints most commonly affected by osteoarthritis. [2] Cartilage in the knee may begin to break down after sustained stress, leaving the bones of the knee rubbing against each other and resulting in osteoarthritis. [7] Nearly a third of US citizens are affected by osteoarthritis of the knee by age 70. [8]
A valgus deformity is a condition in which the bone segment distal to a joint is angled outward, that is, angled laterally, away from the body's midline. [1] The opposite deformation, where the twist or angulation is directed medially, toward the center of the body, is called varus.
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints, especially the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints. Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful, swollen joints [ 3 ] and synovial villous proliferation are often seen.
[10] [11] [12] Other underlying disorders include vasculitides such as polyarteritis nodosa. [8] Other causes of edema include heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic syndrome and venous stasis. The key distinguishing feature is that these conditions don't tend to manifest with pitting edema at the back of the hands.
Genu recurvatum is a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards. In this deformity, excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint. Genu recurvatum is also called knee hyperextension and back knee. This deformity is more common in women [citation needed] and people with familial ligamentous laxity. [2]
The knee loses its ability to transmit and distribute load and absorb mechanical shock. Persistent and significant swelling and stiffness in the knee. The knee may be not be fully mobile; there may be the sensation of knee locking or buckling in the knee. The full knee may be in full motion after tear of meniscus.