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The constitutive heterochromatin stains darker because of the highly condensed nature of the DNA. Constitutive heterochromatin is not to be confused with facultative heterochromatin , which is less condensed, less stable, and much less polymorphic , and which does not stain when using the C-banding technique.
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Both play a role in the expression of genes.
H3Y41P is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the phosphorylation the 41st tyrosine residue of the histone H3 protein. To impose cell cycle-dependent regulation of constitutive heterochromatin, H3Y41p collaborates with other regulatory mechanisms.
H3K9me3 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the tri- methylation at the 9th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein and is often associated with heterochromatin .
The name is derived from centromeric or constitutive heterochromatin. The preparations undergo alkaline denaturation prior to staining leading to an almost complete depurination of the DNA. After washing the probe the remaining DNA is renatured again and stained with Giemsa solution consisting of methylene azure, methylene violet, methylene ...
The combination of DNA methylation, H3K9me2, and H3K4me0 is strongly associated with heterochromatin in plants. Since DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications together define heterochromatin, most DNA methylation pathways in plants recognize and interact with repressive histone marks and vice versa, forming positive feedback loops ...
The level of nucleosomal packaging can have profound consequences on all DNA-mediated processes including gene regulation. Euchromatin (loose or open chromatin) structure is permissible for transcription whereas heterochromatin (tight or closed chromatin) is more compact and refractory to factors that need to gain access to the DNA template.
Euchromatin, which consists of DNA that is active, e.g., being expressed as protein. Heterochromatin, which consists of mostly inactive DNA. It seems to serve structural purposes during the chromosomal stages. Heterochromatin can be further distinguished into two types: Constitutive heterochromatin, which is never expressed