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2. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

   Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths , bond angles , torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

3. Seesaw molecular geometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seesaw_molecular_geometry

   The seesaw geometry occurs when a molecule has a steric number of 5, with the central atom being bonded to 4 other atoms and 1 lone pair (AX 4 E 1 in AXE notation). An atom bonded to 5 other atoms (and no lone pairs) forms a trigonal bipyramid with two axial and three equatorial positions, but in the seesaw geometry one of the atoms is replaced ...

4. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

   Relativistic effects on the electron orbitals of superheavy elements is predicted to influence the molecular geometry of some compounds. For instance, the 6d 5/2 electrons in nihonium play an unexpectedly strong role in bonding, so NhF 3 should assume a T-shaped geometry, instead of a trigonal planar geometry like its lighter congener BF 3. [38]

5. Skeletal formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_formula

   The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry. The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of ...

6. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

   In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron. The bond angles are arccos (− ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠ ) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane ( CH 4 ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as well as its heavier analogues .

7. Ball-and-stick model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model

   Later discoveries disproved this geometry. In 1865, German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann was the first to make ball-and-stick molecular models. He used such models in lecture at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Specialist companies manufacture kits and models to order.