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Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy. Visual loss in children or infants can occur either at the prenatal stage (during the time of conception or intrauterine period) or postnatal stage (immediately after birth). [3] There are multiple possible causes of congenital blindness.
Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person's individual health factors. [8] It can occur in individuals with allergies, exposure to environmental irritants, structural abnormalities of the nasal cavity and sinuses and poor immune function. [9]
Children that are enrolled presently usually developed blindness 5 or more years prior to enrollment, consequently not reflecting current possible causes. [28] About 66% of children with visual impairment also have one other disability (comorbidity), be it, intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy , or hearing loss . [ 29 ]
Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. [11] Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma, among others. [12]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Brown syndrome can be divided in two categories based on the restriction of movement on the eye itself and how it affects the eye excluding the movement: [3] Congenital (present at birth) Brown syndrome results from structural anomalies other than a short tendon sheath but other fibrous adhesions may be present around the trochlear area.
For some people, maintaining eye contact is difficult, which can create problems in Western culture (for example, bonding can be difficult for some parents who have an infant with CVI, and lack of contact in an older child can cause others to regard him or her with suspicion [6]).
Premature birth has many different causes, and prevention is challenging, Prematurity is the most common cause of neonatal death in many countries, totaling as many as 1 million infants annually due to complications of preterm birth, and; the number of preterm births is currently estimated to be 15 million, and increasing.