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Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium phosphate may be used as sources of nitrogen. [11] [12] [13] [1] Phosphoric acid, an acidulant, is used as a yeast stimulant. [14] Calcium iodate, [15] an oxidant, [16] is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration generally recognized as safe source of calcium. [17] [18]
Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ- anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant . One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris , and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum .
Calcium sulfate – flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent Calcium sulfite – preservative, antioxidant Calcium tartrate – food acid, emulsifier
In 1864, he obtained a patent for a self-rising flour or "Bread preparation" in which calcium acid phosphate and sodium bicarbonate acted as a leavener. [ 3 ] : 36–44 [ 26 ] Horsford's research was interrupted by the American Civil War , but in 1869 Horsford finally created an already-mixed leavening agent by using cornstarch as a buffer.
sodium sulfate: mineral salt 515 A E U potassium sulfate: mineral salt, seasoning 516 A E U calcium sulfate: flour treatment agent, mineral salt, sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent 517 E U ammonium sulfate: mineral salt, improving agent 518 A U magnesium sulfate, Epsom salts: mineral salt, acidity regulator, firming agent 519 A U ...
Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O), disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7), and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 H 15 Al 2 (PO 4) 8). These compounds combine with sodium bicarbonate to give carbon dioxide in a predictable manner. [5]
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These are salts, typically lactates or phosphates, calcium salts or aluminum sulfates. [1] They are mainly used for (fresh) fruit and vegetables. For example, in the case of fruit sold cut into wedges, the pulp can be sprayed with a solution of the respective salt.