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Alanine (symbol Ala or A), [4] or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group side chain. Consequently it is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic α-amino acid.
They have been known to synthesize more than 10 kinds of D-amino acids, most frequently D-alanine and D-glutamate for crosslinking within the peptidoglycan cell wall. In addition, extracellular D -amino acids released from bacteria also control remodeling of the bacterial cell wall and are moreover, thought to function amongst bacteria to ...
This enzyme participates in d-alanine metabolism and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Phosphinate and D-cycloserine are known to inhibit this enzyme. The N-terminal region of the D-alanine—D-alanine ligase is thought to be involved in substrate binding, while the C-terminus is thought to be a catalytic domain. [1]
In biological systems, proteins are produced during translation by a cell's ribosomes. Some organisms can also make short peptides by non-ribosomal peptide synthesis , which often use amino acids other than the encoded 22, and may be cyclised, modified and cross-linked.
These four Mur ligases are responsible for the successive additions of L-alanine, D-glutamate, meso-diaminopimelate or L-lysine, and D-alanyl-D-alanine to UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. All four Mur ligases are topologically similar to one another, even though they display low sequence identity.
Each MurNAc is attached to a short (4- to 5-residue) amino acid chain, containing L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, and D-alanine in the case of Escherichia coli (a gram-negative bacterium); or L-alanine, D-glutamine, L-lysine, and D-alanine with a 5-glycine interbridge between tetrapeptides in the case of Staphylococcus ...
This enzyme is also called L-alanine racemase. This enzyme participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism and D-alanine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. At least two compounds, 3-Fluoro-D-alanine and D-Cycloserine are known to inhibit this enzyme. The D-alanine produced by alanine racemase is used for peptidoglycan ...
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase cwlA precursor (cell wall hydrolase, autolysin, EC 3.5.1.28) Autolytic lysozyme (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase, autolysin, EC 3.2.1.17) Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase B; Zinc-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving carboxypeptidase, VanX. [5] Many of the proteins having this domain are as yet ...