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Sotagliflozin (Inpefa) is a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2023, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors ...
SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. [6] SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. [7]
SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, [14] are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 is only found in kidney tubules and in conjunction with SGLT1 resorbs glucose into the blood from the forming urine. By inhibiting SGLT2, and not targeting SGLT1, glucose is excreted which in turn lowers blood glucose levels.
Heart failure has historically been irreversible, but a new study suggests that could change. At the University of Utah, scientists used a new gene therapy that reversed heart failure in animals.
The mechanism of action is insulin independent. Three drugs have been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States; dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and empagliflozin. Canagliflozin was the first SGLT-2 inhibitor that was approved by the FDA, being accepted in March 2013. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were accepted in 2014.
Dapagliflozin is used along with diet, exercise, and usually with other glucose-lowering medications, to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. . Dapagliflozin, in addition to other SGLT2-inhibitors, was shown to reduce the rate of decline in kidney function and kidney failure in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic adults when added to the existing treatment
One of the most common is a heart murmur, which many dogs develop at some point in their life, whether their humans know it or not. Some instances of heart murmur cause little to no symptoms ...
Empagliflozin lowers risk of hospitalization and death in people with reduced heart function, when added to standard heart failure treatment with or without type 2 diabetes. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] It is indicated in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death; and as an adjunct to ...
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