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Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. [1]
Age-Related Macular Degeneration is a degenerative maculopathy associated with progressive sight loss. It is characterised by changes in pigmentation in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, the appearance of drusen on the retina of the eye and choroidal neovascularization. AMD has two forms; 'dry' or atrophic/non-exudative AMD, and 'wet' or ...
In children, optic disc drusen are usually buried and undetectable by fundoscopy except for a mild or moderate elevation of the optic disc. With age, the overlying axons become atrophied and the drusen become exposed and more visible. They may become apparent with an ophthalmoscope and some visual field loss at the end of adolescence. [7]
Fundus photographs are also used to document abnormalities of disease process affecting the eye, and/or to follow up on the progress of the eye condition/disease such as diabetes, age-macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, and neoplasm of the choroid, cranial nerves, retinal or eyeball.
Age-related macular degeneration: A common cause of central vision loss; early diagnosis via ophthalmologic examination may facilitate slower disease progression. The examiner will evaluate the macula for deposits of cellular debris called drusen , in particular their size, number, and distribution, as well as pigmentary changes, atrophy, and ...
Ocular OCT retinal thickness map, right eye Time-domain OCT of the macular area of a retina at 800 nm, axial resolution 3 μm Spectral-domain OCT macula cross-section scan. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique for obtaining sub-surface images of translucent or opaque materials at a resolution equivalent to a low-power microscope.
Layers of the eye, with the choroid labelled. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye.Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i.e. 'wet' macular degeneration) [1] commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments.
North Carolina macular dystrophy is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that primarily affects the eyes. It is a non-progressive disorder which is characterized by an abnormal development of the macula , multiple drusen , photoreceptor cells atrophy, and central vision loss. [ 2 ]