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Perinatal asphyxia is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm. [158] Hypoxic damage can also occur to most of the infant's organs ( heart , lungs , liver , gut , kidneys ), but brain damage is of most concern and perhaps the least ...
Once the fetus is sufficiently developed, chemical signals begin the process of birth, which begins with the fetus being pushed out of the birthing canal. The newborn, which is called an infant in humans, should typically begin respiration on its own shortly after birth. Not long after, the placenta eventually falls off on its own.
As the fetal hypothalamus matures, activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis initiates labor through two hormonal mechanisms. The end pathway of both mechanisms lead to contractions in the myometrium, a mechanical cause of placental separation, which is due to the sheer force and contractile and involutive changes that occur within the uterus, distorting the placentome.
Uterine contractions are a vital part of natural childbirth, [6] which occur during the process of labour and delivery, (typically this excludes caesarean section). These labour contractions are characterized by their rhythmic tightening and relaxation of the myometrium , the most prominent uterine muscle.
Second stage of labor starts when the cervix is dilated to 10 cm and finishes with the birth of the baby. This stage is characterized by strong contractions and active pushing by the mother. It can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours. [16] Third stage of labor starts after the birth of the baby and is finished when the placenta is delivered. [15]
At birth, meiosis arrests at the diplotene phase of prophase I. [7] Oocytes will remain in this state until the time of puberty. At the time of ovulation a surge of LH initiates the resumption of meiosis and oocytes enter the second cycle, which is known as oocyte maturation. Meiosis is then arrested again during metaphase 2 until fertilisation ...
Laura-Jane Seaman, 36, was breastfeeding in her hospital bed with plans to go home following the “uneventful” vaginal birth of her baby at Broomfield Hospital, in Essex, U.K., on Dec. 21, 2022 ...
During this stage, the zygote divides in a process called cleavage. A blastocyst is then formed and implants in the uterus . Embryogenesis continues with the next stage of gastrulation , when the three germ layers of the embryo form in a process called histogenesis , and the processes of neurulation and organogenesis follow.