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The axillary sheath is a fibrous sheath that encloses the axillary artery and the three cords of the brachial plexus to form the neurovascular bundle. [1] [2] [3] It is surrounded by the axillary fat. [1] [2] It is an extension of the prevertebral fascia of the deep cervical fascia [citation needed] and is continuous with the carotid sheath at ...
The quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions. In the quadrangular space, the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery can be compressed or damaged due to space-occupying lesions or disruption in the anatomy due to trauma.
In the axilla, the nerves of the brachial plexus and the axillary artery are enclosed together in a fibrous sheath which is a continuation of the deep cervical fascia. The easily palpated axillary artery thus serves as a reliable anatomical landmark for this block, and the injection of local anesthetic close to this artery frequently leads to a ...
The triangular space (also known as the medial triangular space, [1] upper triangular space, [2] medial axillary space or foramen omotricipitale [3]) is one of the three spaces found at the axillary space. The other two spaces are the quadrangular space and the triangular interval. [4]
The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, [2] which lies medial to the artery, along its length. In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus. [2] The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus.
This space is limited below by the fusion of the coracoclavicular fascia with the anterior wall of the axillary sheath. Inferiorly, the prevertebral layer blends with the endothoracic fascia peripherally and fuses with the anterior longitudinal ligament centrally at approximately the level of the T3 vertebra.
The true axilla is a conical space with its apex at the Cervico-axillary Canal, Base at the axillary fascia and skin of the armpit. When viewed in an axillary plane (axillary cut), it is more triangle with: Medial Wall: Serratus Anterior, Anterior Wall: pectoral muscles, Posterior Wall: subscapularis muscle, where the "apex" of the triangle is the humerus [4] [5]
The pectoral fascia is very thin over the upper part of the pectoralis major, but thicker in the interval between it and the latissimus dorsi, where it closes in the axillary space and forms the axillary fascia. Axillary fascia, together with the skin, forms the base of the axilla.