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  2. Irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

    A stronger result is the following: [31] Every rational number in the interval ((/) /,) can be written either as a a for some irrational number a or as n n for some natural number n. Similarly, [ 31 ] every positive rational number can be written either as a a a {\displaystyle a^{a^{a}}} for some irrational number a or as n n n {\displaystyle n ...

  3. Irrationality measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality_measure

    Rational numbers have irrationality exponent 1, while (as a consequence of Dirichlet's approximation theorem) every irrational number has irrationality exponent at least 2. On the other hand, an application of Borel-Cantelli lemma shows that almost all numbers, including all algebraic irrational numbers , have an irrationality exponent exactly ...

  4. Transcendental number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number_theory

    ω(x, 1) is often called the measure of irrationality of a real number x. For rational numbers, ω(x, 1) = 0 and is at least 1 for irrational real numbers. A Liouville number is defined to have infinite measure of irrationality. Roth's theorem says that irrational real algebraic numbers have measure of irrationality 1.

  5. Dedekind cut - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind_cut

    Otherwise, that cut defines a unique irrational number which, loosely speaking, fills the "gap" between A and B. [3] In other words, A contains every rational number less than the cut, and B contains every rational number greater than or equal to the cut. An irrational cut is equated to an irrational number which is in neither set.

  6. Algebraic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_number

    Any rational number, expressed as the quotient of an integer a and a (non-zero) natural number b, satisfies the above definition, because x = ⁠ a / b ⁠ is the root of a non-zero polynomial, namely bx − a. [1] Quadratic irrational numbers, irrational solutions of a quadratic polynomial ax 2 + bx + c with integer coefficients a, b, and c ...

  7. Rational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

    In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

  8. Schizophrenic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenic_number

    In Wonders of Numbers Pickover described the history of schizophrenic numbers thus: The construction and discovery of schizophrenic numbers was prompted by a claim (posted in the Usenet newsgroup sci.math) that the digits of an irrational number chosen at random would not be expected to display obvious patterns in the first 100 digits. It was ...

  9. Apéry's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apéry's_theorem

    Work by Wadim Zudilin and Tanguy Rivoal has shown that infinitely many of the numbers (+) must be irrational, [9] and even that at least one of the numbers (), (), (), and () must be irrational. [10] Their work uses linear forms in values of the zeta function and estimates upon them to bound the dimension of a vector space spanned by values of ...

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