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Perinatal asphyxia is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm. [158] Hypoxic damage can also occur to most of the infant's organs ( heart , lungs , liver , gut , kidneys ), but brain damage is of most concern and perhaps the least ...
As the fetal hypothalamus matures, activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis initiates labor through two hormonal mechanisms. The end pathway of both mechanisms lead to contractions in the myometrium, a mechanical cause of placental separation, which is due to the sheer force and contractile and involutive changes that occur within the uterus, distorting the placentome.
3.4 Labor and birth. 4 Discovery of mechanism. ... The zygote then undergoes a defined development process that is known as human ... During this process, ...
A spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) occurs when a pregnant woman goes into labor without the use of drugs or techniques to induce labor and delivers their baby without forceps, vacuum extraction, or a cesarean section. [1] An induced vaginal delivery is a delivery involving labor induction, where drugs or manual techniques are used to initiate ...
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, [1] also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe.
At birth, meiosis arrests at the diplotene phase of prophase I. [7] Oocytes will remain in this state until the time of puberty. At the time of ovulation a surge of LH initiates the resumption of meiosis and oocytes enter the second cycle, which is known as oocyte maturation. Meiosis is then arrested again during metaphase 2 until fertilisation ...
Water birth is childbirth that occurs in water, usually a birthing pool. It may include the use of water for relaxation and pain relief during the first stage of labour, birth into water in the second stage of labour, and the delivery of the placenta in the third stage of labour.
[1] [2] [3] If the birth is imminent, emergency measures may be needed. [4] Emergency services can be contacted for help in some countries. [5] [6] Emergency childbirth can follow the same steps as a planned childbirth. However, the birth can have increased risks for complications due to the prematurity of the baby or the less than ideal location.