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[29] [30] The mantle cavity has muscular walls and contains the gills; it is connected to the exterior by a funnel or siphon. [26] [31] The mouth of an octopus, located underneath the arms, has a sharp hard beak. [30] Diagram of octopus from side, with gills, funnel, eye, ocellus (eyespot), web, arms, suckers, hectocotylus and ligula labelled.
The mantle cavity is a central feature of molluscan biology. This cavity is formed by the mantle skirt, a double fold of mantle which encloses a water space. This space contains the mollusk's gills, anus, osphradium, nephridiopores, and gonopores. The mantle cavity functions as a respiratory chamber in most mollusks. In bivalves it is usually ...
The adductor muscles have been cut, the valves are gaping. The internal anatomy is visible, including the paired siphons to the right A siphon is an anatomical structure which is part of the body of aquatic molluscs in three classes : Gastropoda , Bivalvia and Cephalopoda (members of these classes include saltwater and freshwater snails , clams ...
The longitudinal muscles run parallel to the length of the octopus and they are used in order to keep the mantle the same length throughout the jetting process. Given that they are muscles, it can be noted that this means the octopus must actively flex the longitudinal muscles during jetting in order to keep the mantle at a constant length.
The four most universal features defining modern molluscs are a soft body composed almost entirely of muscle, a mantle with a significant cavity used for breathing and excretion, the presence of a radula (except for bivalves), and the structure of the nervous system. Other than these common elements, molluscs express great morphological ...
The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is a mollusk belonging to the class Cephalopoda. Octopus vulgaris is one of the most studied of all octopus species, and also one of the most intelligent. It ranges from the eastern Atlantic, extends from the Mediterranean Sea and the southern coast of England , to the southern coast of South Africa.
The mantle is visible between the open valves. A mollusc shell is formed, repaired and maintained by a part of the anatomy called the mantle. Any injuries to or abnormal conditions of the mantle are usually reflected in the shape and form and even color of the shell.
Retractor muscles connect the mantle to the edge of the shell, along a line known as the pallial line. [22] [16] These muscles pull the mantle though the valves. [16] In sedentary or recumbent bivalves that lie on one valve, such as the oysters and scallops, the anterior adductor muscle has been lost and the posterior muscle is positioned ...