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Typically, the pain is worsened by stress on the facet joints, e.g. by lumbar extension and loading (the basis of the Kemp test) or lateral flexion but also by prolonged standing or walking. [citation needed] Pain associated with facet syndrome is often called "referred pain" because symptoms do not follow a specific nerve root pattern. This is ...
Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects. Spine 1979;4441–6. Marks R. Distribution of pain provoked from lumbar facet joints and related structures during diagnostic spinal infiltration. Pain 1989;39:37–40. Fukui, S. Distribution of Referred Pain from the Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joints and Dorsal Rami.
This is a shortened version of the thirteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue. It covers ICD codes 710 to 739 . The full chapter can be found on pages 395 to 415 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [ 4 ] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain , difficulty swallowing [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or even dyspnea . [ 7 ]
While most low back pain is caused by muscle and joint problems, this cause must be separated from neurological problems, spinal tumors, fracture of the spine, and infections, among others. [3] [1] The ICD 10 code for low back pain is M54.5.
However, the pain or other symptoms often radiate to the part of the body served by that nerve. For example, a nerve root impingement in the neck can produce pain and weakness in the forearm. Likewise, an impingement in the lower back or lumbar-sacral spine can be manifested with symptoms in the foot.
In all subtypes of spondyloarthritis, inflammatory back pain and/or asymmetrical arthritis, mainly affecting the lower limbs, are the most common symptoms. [9] Another distinguishing characteristic is enthesitis, which is inflammation at the locations where ligaments, tendons, or joint capsules adhere to bone.