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A point mutation causing a synonymous substitution; Type of structure Before Change After Result Codon in a DNA sequence: TTT: harmless mutation; [c] Synonymous substitution : TTC ...
Being proportional to the harmonic mean of A and B, this formula has several applications. For example, it is the parallel-resistance formula in electronics, and the thin-lens equation in optics. In the example, the red line demonstrates that parallel resistors of 56 and 42 ohms have a combined resistance of 24 ohms.
The step b := a mod b is equivalent to the above recursion formula r k ≡ r k−2 mod r k−1. The temporary variable t holds the value of r k−1 while the next remainder r k is being calculated. At the end of the loop iteration, the variable b holds the remainder r k, whereas the variable a holds its predecessor, r k−1.
In statistics and in particular statistical theory, unbiased estimation of a standard deviation is the calculation from a statistical sample of an estimated value of the standard deviation (a measure of statistical dispersion) of a population of values, in such a way that the expected value of the calculation equals the true value.
The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes. Important in navigation , it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry , the law of haversines , that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles.
In mathematics, exponentiation is an operation involving two numbers: the base and the exponent or power.Exponentiation is written as b n, where b is the base and n is the power; often said as "b to the power n ". [1]
The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
Stand-alone switched-mode power supply An adjustable switched-mode power supply for laboratory use. A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.