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Soil aggregation can physically protect organic carbon from decay by soil microbes. [19] More aggregate formation can result in more soil carbon storage. There is much evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase soil aggregate formation, and that aggregate formation may be mediated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal protein glomalin. [20]
This is done by increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. One option is to increase the soil's organic matter content. This can also aid plant growth, improve soil water retention capacity [2] and reduce fertilizer use. [3] Sustainable forest management is another tool that is used in carbon farming. [4]
Soil organic carbon increased with an increase in silt and clay content. The silt and clay size fractions have the ability to protect SOC in soil aggregates. [ 31 ] When organic matter decomposes, the organic matter binds with silt and clay forming aggregates. [ 32 ]
Perennial crops reduce the need for tillage and thus help mitigate soil erosion, and may help increase soil organic matter. Globally, soils are estimated to contain >8,580 gigatons of organic carbon, about ten times the amount in the atmosphere and much more than in vegetation. [80]
Another side effect is to increase the organic carbon content of the amended soil. Some of this is a relatively long-term carbon sink – insofar as the soil ecosystem creates humus – and some is temporary for as long as the richer ecosystem is sustained by measures such as permanent planting, no-till cultivation and organic mulch.
Soil regeneration, as a particular form of ecological regeneration within the field of restoration ecology, is creating new soil and rejuvenating soil health by: minimizing the loss of topsoil, retaining more carbon than is depleted, boosting biodiversity, and maintaining proper water and nutrient cycling. [1]
Farming can deplete soil carbon and render soil incapable of supporting life. However, conservation farming can protect carbon in soils, and repair damage over time. [153] The farming practice of cover crops is a form of carbon farming. [154] Methods that enhance carbon sequestration in soil include no-till farming, residue mulching and crop ...
Soil carbon sponge (or soil sponge) [1] is porous, well-aggregated soil [2] in good health, better able to absorb and retain water.Australian microbiologist and climatologist, Walter Jehne, articulated the concept of the soil carbon sponge in his 2017 paper, Regenerate Earth, [3] connecting soil carbon with a restored water cycle [4] able induce planetary cooling through evaporative cooling ...
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