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  2. Antigen presentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_presentation

    This antigen presentation pathway enables the immune system to detect transformed or infected cells displaying peptides from modified-self (mutated) or foreign proteins. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In the presentation process, these proteins are mainly degraded into small peptides by cytosolic proteases in the proteasome , but there are also other cytoplasmic ...

  3. Cross-presentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-presentation

    As a consequence, external soluble antigens are targeted into the MHC class I cross-presentation pathway instead of the MHC Class II pathway. [citation needed] However, there is still uncertainty in regard to a mechanistic pathway for cross presentation within an antigen presenting cell. Currently, there are two main pathways proposed ...

  4. Antigen processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_processing

    This process involves two distinct pathways for processing of antigens from an organism's own (self) proteins or intracellular pathogens (e.g. viruses), or from phagocytosed pathogens (e.g. bacteria); subsequent presentation of these antigens on class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is dependent on which pathway ...

  5. MHC class I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_I

    It is in this way, the MHC class I-dependent pathway of antigen presentation, that the virus infected cells signal T-cells that abnormal proteins are being produced as a result of infection. The fate of the virus-infected cell is almost always induction of apoptosis through cell-mediated immunity, reducing the risk of infecting neighboring ...

  6. Antigen-presenting cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell

    Antigen presentation stimulates immature T cells to become either mature "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or mature "helper" CD4+ cells. An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation.

  7. MHC class II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_Class_II

    The antigen binding groove, where the antigen or peptide binds, is made up of two α-helixes walls and β-sheet. [ 3 ] Because the antigen-binding groove of MHC class II molecules is open at both ends while the corresponding groove on class I molecules is closed at each end, the antigens presented by MHC class II molecules are longer, generally ...

  8. Polyclonal B cell response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal_B_cell_response

    The individual peptides are then complexed with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules located in the lysosome – this method of "handling" the antigen is known as the exogenous or endocytic pathway of antigen processing in contrast to the endogenous or cytosolic pathway, [17] [18] [19] which complexes the abnormal ...

  9. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells.