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Toy problems were invented with the aim to program an AI which can solve it. The blocks world domain is an example for a toy problem. Its major advantage over more realistic AI applications is, that many algorithms and software programs are available which can handle the situation. [2] This allows to compare different theories against each other.
SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries on a conversation with the computer, moving objects, naming collections and querying the state of a simplified "blocks world", essentially a virtual box filled with different blocks.
If G is a tree, replacing the queue of the breadth-first search algorithm with a stack will yield a depth-first search algorithm. For general graphs, replacing the stack of the iterative depth-first search implementation with a queue would also produce a breadth-first search algorithm, although a somewhat nonstandard one. [7]
Vacuum World, a shortest path problem in which the goal is to vacuum up all the pieces of dirt. In scientific disciplines, a toy problem [1] [2] or a puzzlelike problem [3] is a problem that is not of immediate scientific interest, yet is used as an expository device to illustrate a trait that may be shared by other, more complicated, instances of the problem, or as a way to explain a ...
A basic example of short-circuiting is given in depth-first search (DFS) of a binary tree; see binary trees section for standard recursive discussion. The standard recursive algorithm for a DFS is: base case: If current node is Null, return false; recursive step: otherwise, check value of current node, return true if match, otherwise recurse on ...
Specific applications of search algorithms include: Problems in combinatorial optimization, such as: . The vehicle routing problem, a form of shortest path problem; The knapsack problem: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as ...
Graph traversal is a subroutine in most graph algorithms. The goal of a graph traversal algorithm is to visit (and / or process) every node of a graph. Graph traversal algorithms, like breadth-first search and depth-first search, are analyzed using the von Neumann model, which assumes uniform memory access cost. This view neglects the fact ...
Best-first search is a class of search algorithms which explores a graph by expanding the most promising node chosen according to a specified rule.. Judea Pearl described best-first search as estimating the promise of node n by a "heuristic evaluation function () which, in general, may depend on the description of n, the description of the goal, the information gathered by the search up to ...