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Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation. In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation [1] [2] or as an interchange – in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing ...
The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineering that is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently", introduced by the Gang of Four. [1] The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes.
A grade-separated junction is a transport junction where at least one bridge or tunnel is used to separate traffic flows (known as grade separation). Relevant articles include: Road interchanges, known as grade-separated junctions in the UK; A flying junction, a type of grade-separated junction found on railway lines
A visitor pattern is a software design pattern that separates the algorithm from the object structure. Because of this separation, new operations can be added to existing object structures without modifying the structures.
A pedestrian separation structure is any structure that removes pedestrians from a roadway, street or railway track. This creates a road junction where vehicles and pedestrians do not interact. This can be considered a type of grade separation structure on the road. These structures can be located either above the roadway or below the roadway.
These solutions, called "design patterns," are grouped into three types: Creational patterns (5): Factory method pattern, Abstract factory pattern, Singleton pattern, Builder pattern, Prototype pattern; Structural patterns (7): Adapter pattern, Bridge pattern, Composite pattern, Decorator pattern, Facade pattern, Flyweight pattern, Proxy pattern
The Level Crossing Removal Project (LXRP) is an infrastructure upgrade project by the Government of Victoria, Australia, to remove and grade-separate 110 level crossings and to rebuild 51 railway stations on the metropolitan and regional rail network of the state capital Melbourne.
Final design (Phase II) began in 2019 and is expected to last through 2021. Construction (Phase III) began at the end of 2020 and will continue through 2024. 71st Street Grade Separation (CREATE project GS19) [10] This project consists of a road-rail grade separation of 71st Street and the CSX railroad tracks near Bell Avenue.