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The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets ...
The Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most prolific aircraft carrier design in history, used two 5-cylinder Skinner Unaflow engines, but these were not steeple compounds. A non-compound Skinner Uniflow remained in service until 2013 in the Great Lakes cement carrier SS St. Marys Challenger, installed when the vessel was re-powered in 1950 ...
Uniflow steam engine, a steam engine with a long uniflow cylinder that receives inlet steam at each end (for a double-acting engine) and exhausts through ports at the centre. Uniflow diesel engine, a two-stroke diesel engine with inlet through piston-ported fixed ports in the lower part of the cylinder, and exhaust through valves in the ...
A crossflow T-head sidevalve engine The usual L-head arrangement Pop-up pistons may be used to increase compression ratio Flathead with Ricardo's turbulent head. A flathead engine, also known as a sidevalve engine [1] [2] or valve-in-block engine, is an internal combustion engine with its poppet valves contained within the engine block, instead of in the cylinder head, as in an overhead valve ...
The first engines deliberately designed to encourage scavenging were gas engines built by Crossley Brothers Ltd in the United Kingdom in the early 1890s. These Crossley Otto Scavenging Engines were made possible by the recent change from slide valves to poppet valves, which allowed more flexible control over valve timing events. [1]
Willans & Robinson engine, driving a dynamo generator. One of the best-known examples of the steeple engine was the Willans engine. [10] These were double- or triple-expansion compound engines, with the unusual features of single-acting cylinders and a central spindle valve shared between all cylinders.
With traditional fixed valve timing, an engine will have a period of "valve overlap" at the end of the exhaust stroke, when both the intake and exhaust valves are open. The intake valve is opened before the exhaust gases have completely left the cylinder, and their considerable velocity assists in drawing in the fresh charge. Engine designers ...
The common valvetrain configurations for piston engines, in order from oldest to newest, are: Flathead engine: The camshaft and the valves are located in the engine block below the combustion chamber. Overhead valve engine: The camshaft remains in the block, however the valves are located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber.