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This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Lidocaine, the first amino amide–type local anesthetic (previous were amino esters), was first synthesized under the name 'xylocaine' by Swedish chemist Nils Löfgren in 1943. [59] [60] [61] His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself. [59] It was first marketed in 1949.
Etidocaine, marketed under the trade name Duranest, is an amide-type local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery.Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, and the main disadvantage of using during dentistry is increased bleeding during surgery.
Chloroprocaine (trade name Nesacaine, Nesacaine-MPF) (often in the hydrochloride salt form as the aforementioned trade names) is a local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery. Chloroprocaine vasodilates; this is in contrast to cocaine which vasoconstricts. Chloroprocaine is an ester anesthetic. [3]
Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin. Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm. Conduction anesthesia encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.
Mepivacaine / m ɛ ˈ p ɪ v ə k eɪ n / is a local anesthetic [1] of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (less rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (longer than that of procaine) [2] [3] and is marketed under various trade names including Carbocaine and Polocaine.
Levobupivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug indicated for minor and major surgical anaesthesia and pain management.It is a long-acting amide-type local anaesthetic that blocks nerve impulses by inhibiting sodium ion influx into the nerve cells. [1]